Chú thích Lịch_sử_thế_giới

Bài viết này cần thêm chú thích nguồn gốc để kiểm chứng thông tin. Mời bạn giúp hoàn thiện bài viết này bằng cách bổ sung chú thích tới các nguồn đáng tin cậy. Các nội dung không có nguồn có thể bị nghi ngờ và xóa bỏ.
  1. ↑ According to David Diringer ("Writing", Encyclopedia Americana, 1986 ed., vol. 29, p. 558), "Writing gives permanence to men's knowledge and enables them to communicate over great distances.... The complex society of a higher civilization would be impossible without the art of writing."
  2. ↑ Webster, H. (1921). World history. Boston: D.C. Heath. Page 27.
  3. ↑ Tudge, Colin (1998). Neanderthals, Bandits and Farmers: How Agriculture Really Began. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-84258-7.
  4. ↑ Bellwood, Peter. (2004). First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies, Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-20566-7
  5. ↑ Cohen, Mark Nathan (1977) The Food Crisis in Prehistory: Overpopulation and the Origins of Agriculture, New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02016-3.
  6. ↑ See Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel.
  7. ↑ Schmandt-Besserat, Denise (January–February 2002). "Signs of Life". Archaeology Odyssey: 6–7, 63.
  8. ↑ McNeill, Willam H. (1999) [1967]. "In The Beginning". A World History (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 15. ISBN 0-19-511615-1.
  9. ↑ Baines, John and Jaromir Malek (2000). The Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt (revised ed.). Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-4036-2.
  10. ↑ Bard, KA (1999). Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. NY, NY: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-18589-0.
  11. 1 2 Grimal, Nicolas (1992). A History of Ancient Egypt. Blackwell Books. ISBN 0-631-19396-0.
  12. ↑ "Internet Medieval Sourcebook Project". Fordham.edu. Truy cập 2009-04-18.
  13. ↑ "The Online Reference Book of Medieval Studies". The-orb.net. Truy cập 2009-04-18.
  14. ↑ Burckhardt, Jacob (1878), The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, trans S.G.C Middlemore, republished in 1990 ISBN 0-14-044534-X
  15. ↑ "The Cambridge Modern History. Vol 1: The Renaissance (1902)". Uni-mannheim.de. Truy cập 2009-04-18.
  16. ↑ Rice, Eugene, F., Jr. (1970). The Foundations of Early Modern Europe: 1460–1559. W.W. Norton & Co.
  17. ↑ William W. Hallo & William Kelly Simpson, The Ancient Near East: A History, Holt Rinehart and Winston Publishers, 1997
  18. ↑ Jack Sasson, The Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, New York, 1995
  19. ↑ Marc Van de Mieroop, History of the Ancient Near East: Ca. 3000–323 BC., Blackwell Publishers, 2003
  20. ↑ "What Did Gutenberg Invent?". BBC. Truy cập 2008-05-20.
  21. ↑ Grant, Edward. The Foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages: Their Religious, Institutional, and Intellectual Contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1996
  22. ↑ More; Charles. Understanding the Industrial Revolution (2000) online edition
  23. ↑ Chen, F.C. & Li, W.H. (2001). "Genomic divergences between humans and other hominoids and the effective population size of the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees". Am J Hum Genet 68 (2): 444–456. doi:10.1086/318206. PMC 1235277. PMID 11170892
  24. ↑ "Human Evolution by The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program". Human Origins Initiative. Smithsonian Institution. Truy cập 2010-08-30.[dead link]
  25. ↑ Stringer, C. (2012). "AOP". Nature 485 (7396): 33–35. doi:10.1038/485033a. PMID 22552077. edit
  26. ↑ Stearns, Peter N.; William L. Langer (2001-09-24). The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-65237-5.
  27. ↑ Chandler, T. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1987.
  28. ↑ Modelski, G. World Cities: –3000 to 2000. Washington, DC: FAROS 2000, 2003.
  29. ↑ The very word "civilization" comes from the Latin civilis, meaning "civil," related to civis, meaning "citizen," and civitas, meaning "city" or "city-state."
  30. ↑ Ascalone, Enrico. Mesopotamia: Assyrians, Sumerians, Babylonians (Dictionaries of Civilizations; 1). Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007 (paperback, ISBN 0-520-25266-7).
  31. ↑ Lloyd, Seton. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest.
  32. ↑ Allchin, Bridget (1997). Origins of a Civilization: The Prehistory and Early Archaeology of South Asia. New York: Viking.
  33. ↑ Allchin, Raymond (ed.) (1995). The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  34. ↑ "The Sun God Ra and Ancient Egypt". Solarnavigator.net. Truy cập 2009-04-18.
  35. ↑ "The Sun God and the Wind Deity at Kizil," by Tianshu Zhu, in Transoxiana Webfestschrift Series I, Webfestschrift Marshak: Ēran ud Anērān, 2003.
  36. ↑ Marija Gimbutas. The Language of the Goddess, Harpercollins, 1989, ISBN 0-06-250356-1.
  37. ↑ Turner, Patricia, and Charles Russell Coulter, Dictionary of Ancient Deities, New York, Oxford University Press, 2001.
  38. ↑ Allen, James (2007). The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts. Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press. ISBN 1-58983-182-9.
  39. ↑ Patrick Symmes, "History in the Remaking: a temple complex in Turkey that predates even the Pyramids is rewriting the story of human evolution," Newsweek, ngày 1 tháng 3 năm 2010, pp. 46–48.
  40. ↑ "Ubaid Civilization". Ancientneareast.tripod.com. Diakses ngày 18 tháng 4 năm 2009.
  41. ↑ Wells, H. G. (1921), The Outline of History: Being A Plain History of Life and Mankind, New York: Macmillan Company, hlm. 137.
  42. ↑ "Social classes in ancient Egypt". Digital Egypt for Universities, University College London. Diakses 11 Desember 2007.
  43. ↑ Possehl, G. L. (October 1990). "Revolution in the Urban Revolution: The Emergence of Indus Urbanization". Annual Review of Anthropology 19: 261—282. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.001401. Diakses 6 Mei 2007.
  44. ↑ "Excavations at Alamgirpur", Indian Archaeology, A Review, Delhi: Archaeolical Survey of India, 1958-1959
  45. ↑ Leshnik, Lawrence S. (October 1968). "The Harappan "Port" at Lothal: Another View". American Anthropologist, New Series, 70 (5): 911—922. doi:10.1525/aa.1968.70.5.02a00070. JSTOR 669756.
  46. ↑ "Indus civilization". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Diakses ngày 19 tháng 10 năm 2008.
  47. ↑ Gupta, Anil K. (10 Juli 2004), "Origin of Agriculture and Domestication of Plants and Animals Linked to Early Holocene Climate Amelioration", Current Science, 87, No. 1, Indian Academy of Sciences
  48. ↑ Baber, Zaheer (1996), The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge, Civilization, and Colonial Rule in India, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-2919-9
  49. ↑ Harris, David R.; Gosden, C. (1996), The Origins and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia: Crops, Fields, Flocks And Herds, Routledge, hlm. 385, ISBN 1-85728-538-7
  50. ↑ Harris, David R.; Gosden, C. (1996), The Origins and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia: Crops, Fields, Flocks And Herds, Routledge, hlm. 385, ISBN 1-85728-538-7.
  51. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica. "Harappa (Pakistan) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Diakses 9 Januari 2010.
  52. ↑ "Early Indian Culture—Indus Civilization". Diakses ngày 18 tháng 4 năm 2009.
  53. ↑ Kenoyer, Jonathan (1998). Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization. Oxford University Press.
  54. ↑ Li, X; Harbottle, Garman; Zhang Juzhong; Wang Changsui (2003). "The earliest writing? Sign use in the seventh millennium BC at Jiahu, Henan Province, China". Antiquity 77 (295): 31—44.
  55. ↑ "Asia-Pacific | Chinese writing '8,000 years old'". BBC News. 2007-05-18. Diakses ngày 18 tháng 4 năm 2009.
  56. ↑ "Carvings may rewrite history of Chinese characters". Xinhua online. 18 Mei 2007. Diakses 19 Mei 2007.
  57. ↑ "Public Summary Request Of The People's Republic Of China To The Government Of The United States Of America Under Article 9 Of The 1970 Unesco Convention". Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, U.S. State Department. Diarsipkan dari aslinya tanggal ngày 15 tháng 12 năm 2007. Diakses 12 Januari 2008.
  58. ↑ "The Ancient Dynasties". University of Maryland. Diakses 12 Januari 2008
  59. ↑ Zaman Perunggu Tiongkok di National Gallery of Art
  60. ↑ Fairbank, John King and Merle Goldman (1992). China: A New History; Second Enlarged Edition (2006). Cambridge: MA; London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01828-1
  61. ↑ T. Culen, Ritual pemakaman Mesolitik di Gua Franchthi, Yunani Antiquity.ac.uk
  62. ↑ "Ancient Greece: The National Archaeological Museum of Athens". Athens-greece.us. Diakses 17 Agustus 2012.
  63. ↑ Ancient Crete, Oxford Bibliographies Online
  64. ↑ Bowner, B. (Januari 2010), Hominids Went Out of Africa on Rafts, Wired
  65. ↑ Wilford, J.N. (Februari 2010), On Crete, New Evidence of Very Ancient Mariners, The New York Times
  66. ↑ Durant, William (1939), "The Life of Greece", The Story of Civilization II, New York: Simon & Schuster
  67. ↑ Roebuck, Carl, The World of Ancient Times, hlm. 107
  68. ↑ Burkert, Walter. Greek Religion, p. 121; Meyer, E. RE Suppl. XIV, pp. 813—815.
  69. ↑ Josef Wiesehöfer, Ancient Persia, trang 42
  70. ↑ Josef Wiesehöfer, Ancient Persia, trang 2
  71. ↑ Josef Wiesehöfer, Ancient Persia, trang 153
  72. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 649
  73. ↑ Gregory L. Freeze, Russia: a history, trang 116
  74. 1 2 Christopher M. Clark, Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, trang 212
  75. ↑ Christopher M. Clark, Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, trang 211
  76. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 647
  77. ↑ Christopher M. Clark, Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, trang 777
  78. ↑ Norman Davies, Europe: a history, trang 648
  79. ↑ Christopher M. Clark, Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, trang 95
  80. 1 2 Christopher M. Clark, Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, trang 183
  81. ↑ Christopher M. Clark, Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, trang 253
  82. ↑ Christopher M. Clark, Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, trang 206
  83. ↑ Christopher M. Clark, Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, trang 217
  84. ↑ Bob Davis, "What's a Global Recession?", The Wall Street Journal, ngày 22 tháng 4 năm 2009. Lưu trữ 2019-02-28 tại Wayback Machine Retrieved ngày 2 tháng 1 năm 2019.
  85. ↑ Richard A. Clarke và Rob Knake, "The Internet Freedom League: How to Push Back against the Authoritarian Assault on the Web", Foreign Affairs, vol. 98, no. 5 (September / October 2019), pp. 184–92.
  86. ↑ Adrian Chen, "The Confidence Game: How Silicon Valley broke the economy", The Nation, vol. 309, no. 11 (ngày 4 tháng 11 năm 2019), pp. 27–30. (p. 30.)
  87. ↑ Robert Malley và Jon Finer, "The Long Shadow of 9/11: How Counterterrorism Warps U.S. Foreign Policy", Foreign Affairs, vol. 97, no. 4 (July–August 2018), pp. 60–67.
  88. ↑ Andrew J. Bacevich, "Wars without End", The Nation, vol. 307, no. 2 (16/ngày 23 tháng 7 năm 2018), pp. 15–16.
  89. ↑ Shlomo Ben-Ami, "Gobalization's Discontents", The Nation, vol. 307, no. 2 (16 / ngày 23 tháng 7 năm 2018), p. 27.
  90. ↑ Liaquat Ahamed, "Widening Gyre: The rise and fall and rise of economic inequality", The New Yorker, ngày 2 tháng 9 năm 2019, pp. 26–29.
  91. ↑ Bryce Covert, "What Money Can Buy: The promise of a universal basic income – and its limitations", The Nation, vol. 307, no. 6 (10 / ngày 17 tháng 9 năm 2018), p. 33.
  92. ↑ Benjamin M. Friedman, "Born to Be Free" (review of Philippe Van Parijs and Yannick Vanderborght, Basic Income: A Radical Proposal for a Free Society and a Sane Economy, Harvard University Press, 2017), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXIV, no. 15 (ngày 12 tháng 10 năm 2017), pp. 39–41.
  93. ↑ Nathan Heller, "Take the Money and Run: What's behind the enthusiasm for universal basic income?", The New Yorker, 9 & ngày 16 tháng 7 năm 2018, pp. 65–69.
  94. ↑ Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000, New York, Random House, 1987, ISBN 0-394-54674-1, pp. 242–45, 432, 514–19, 526–29, 533–35, and passim.
  95. ↑ Wendy R. Sherman, "How We Got the Iran Deal: And Why We'll Miss It", Foreign Affairs, vol. 97, no. 5 (September / October 2018), pp. 186–97.
  96. ↑ Christopher Clark, "'This Is a Reality, Not a Threat'" (review of Lawrence Freedman, The Future of War: A History, Public Affairs, 2018, 376 pp.; and Robert H. Latiff, Future War: Preparing for the New Global Battlefield, Knopf, 2018, 192 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXV, no. 18 (ngày 22 tháng 11 năm 2018), p. 54.

Tài liệu tham khảo

WikiPedia: Lịch_sử_thế_giới http://www.ifi.unicamp.br/~ghtc/sources/articles.h... http://print.google.com/print?id=TbiVDVY6mRYC&pg=8... http://vlib.iue.it/history/index.html http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/johanson... http://www.indianoceanhistory.org/ http://books.google.com.vn/books?id=0Rh2SSIhT6IC&p... http://books.google.com.vn/books?id=4LPODzLgDVEC&p... http://books.google.com.vn/books?id=jrVW9W9eiYMC&p... http://books.google.com.vn/books?id=yFocMaM49SgC&p... https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2009/04/22/whats-a...